The reason that Sodium salicylate is soluble in Ethanol it is non polar and organic compound and should be soluble in non polar solvents and that is the reason and it is soluble in water because of hydrogen bonding and hydrogen is special kind of bond formed between highly electronegative elements like oxygen , Nitrogen and flourine. It is a special kind of bond. It is hard to explain because I do not know what level of knowledge you have.
Talcum powder(Hydrated Magnesium silicate) in insoluble in Ethanol because it is a polar or ionic compound and it must be soluble in polar solvents like water but rules of solubility.
Salts are build of positive and negative ions which are bound together by the force of attraction of their opposite charges. If energy needed to brake their ionic bonds is lower then the energy given off by an interaction of the ions with a solvent (ie. water), the salts will dissociate and interact with solvent and thus dissolve.
So it does not dissolve in water
Like dissolves in Like
Organic in Organic solvents
Polar in Polar solvents like water , Ammonia, H2S few to name
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